Two main methods are used to split logs for shingles. First is radial, like cutting a pie, and second is lateral, with all cuts aligned.
A froe splits the log into smaller halves to control grain splitting and reduce waste.
Smaller logs must be cut laterally, but larger logs waste less and can be cut radially.
Despite warping and other issues, lateral cut shingles work when larger logs are unavailable.
We split the log and trim the pieces with an axe, removing the outer sapwood, which attracts bugs and other creatures that might eat your roof.
After trimming to size, the shingle is smoothed with a draw knife on a shave horse.
Hand-made shingles last longer than sawn ones because they work with the wood's grain and allow less water to seep in.